Policy Papers

History & Policy papers are written by expert historians, based on peer-reviewed research. They offer historical insights into current policy issues ranging from Afghanistan and Iraq, climate change and internet surveillance to family dynamics, alcohol consumption and health reforms. For historians interested in submitting a paper, please see the editorial guidelines.

Currently, 252 papers are freely searchable by theme, author or keyword, with new papers published regularly. Where possible, we publish papers to coincide with relevant policy developments. If you are a policy maker, civil society practitioner or journalist and would like to contact one of our historians, please contact [email protected].

You can download H&P policy papers directly from the Apple iBooks store to your iPhone, iPad or Mac. We also have an Amazon Kindle version to download to your PC for transfer to your Kindle via USB cable. Please consult your Kindle manual for further details.


Nicolas Sarkozy and France, May 2007: a historical perspective

Robert Tombs
May 2007

Introduction Nicolas Sarkozy's sizeable majority in a very high turnout gives him a mandate to carry out some kind of change in France: both the cheers of supporters and car-burning by opponents testify to this. Expectations – both positive and negative – are intense. In Britain, he has repeatedly been described as a 'French Thatcher', […]

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Anarchism and the welfare state: the Peckham Health Centre

David Goodway
May 2007

Introduction Anarchists reject the state not only in the status quo but also as the means to a free society, which they envisage as a network of co-operative associations, organized from the bottom upwards and freely federated. Although they advocate the elimination of poverty and the support of the sick and the aged by their […]

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The right of registration: development, identity registration and social security

Simon Szreter
March 2007

Many of the world's poorest countries have no comprehensive identity systems, seen as an unaffordable post-development luxury. English history shows how a comprehensive identity registration system, linked also to a universalist social security system were important causes, not merely consequences of the first industrial revolution. History also cautions that identity registration systems are such powerful tools that great care should be devoted to the ethical aspects of access and control of the information to ensure it serves the liberty of private individuals, not the purposes of commercial organisations or states.

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Rationing returns: a solution to global warming?

Mark Roodhouse
March 2007

Introduction Over the past decade a political consensus has emerged that climate change is a problem and that the UK needs to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions dramatically to tackle it. The three steps necessary to cut carbon emissions are well known: reducing energy consumption, increasing energy efficiency and shifting from non-renewable to renewable sources […]

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Aberfan: no end of a lesson

Iain McLean
February 2007

Introduction If you are over fifty, you know where you were and what you were doing on 21 October 1966. There are only two other days like that: the day Kennedy was assassinated, and the day Diana died. Four TV documentaries and extensive newspaper coverage of the 40th anniversary of the Aberfan disaster have told […]

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Wolfenden and beyond: the remaking of homosexual history

Jeffrey Weeks
February 2007

Introduction The efforts by religious conservatives in early 2007 – a holy alliance of evangelical Protestants, Roman Catholics and Islamicists – to block the implementation of regulations to protect the rights of lesbians and gay men in relation to the provision of goods and services reminds us that the long tail of a dying history […]

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What is to be done with the second chamber?

Jon Lawrence
January 2007

Introduction For Blair and New Labour, reform of the House of Lords remains unfinished business. In 1999 the government transformed the composition of the upper house by removing all but 92 of the hereditary peers. This was trailed as the first stage in a more thoroughgoing modernisation of the second chamber, but the government has […]

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History and policy at work in the Treasury, 1957-76

Peter J. Beck
October 2006

Introduction Drawing upon papers published on the History and Policy website, in February 2006 John Tosh discussed issues pertaining to history's contribution to public policy. In particular, history offers policymakers a broader perspective on today's problems, even if – to quote Tosh – 'one of the most likely casualties of this kind of extended perspective […]

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Is it futile to try to get non-resident fathers to maintain their children?

Tanya Evans
October 2006

Introduction Many people think that unmarried mothers are a recent phenomenon. However, the structures of family life widely believed to be new since the 1960s – cohabitation, many births outside marriage and transient family relationships – have a much longer history. Courtship and marriage have always been vulnerable to breakdown. Historically, men and women who […]

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The Child Support Agency and the Old Poor Law

Thomas Nutt
October 2006

Introduction The creation of the Child Support Agency (CSA) was first proposed in a 1990 White Paper, Children Come First, which also suggested the establishment of a formula-based system for the assessment of child maintenance. This represented a significant break with the past, for prior to this, matters of child support had been a matter […]

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H&P is based at the Institute of Historical Research, Senate House, University of London.

We are the only project in the UK providing access to an international network of more than 500 historians with a broad range of expertise. H&P offers a range of resources for historians, policy makers and journalists.